Few scientific explanations on few QURANIC VERSES
Our update knowledge about the creation of the heavens and the earth been revealed in the verses 2:117, 2: 164 and 7 : 54 .
The creation of man from a quintessence of clay and from a drop of sperm and the development of the fetus in the mother's womb have been revealed in verses 23: 12-14.
The well established 'big-bang' theory is beset with many conceptual problems. For example, the singularity problem which mean space-time does not exist at the origin, implying that the universe car existence out of nothing. What does it mean? To bypass this problem recently the 'string theory' (a dimensional curve) has been proposed. These strings are extremely small and this is why we can never l observe them directly. This is nothing but again an article of l bypass the problem of singularity.
79 :27 is revealed in another verse 40:57.
……………
“ The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the creation of mankind, yet most of mankind know not.” 40:57.
The second serious problem answered is why is the 3 deg k background radiation, the rem the 'big-bang' isotropic? A space-time which is flat in the 3spatial dimensions has the unique property of isotropizing at large times .
This is known as the flatness problem. if one looks at such 3 "mm; at the early cosmic time, e.g., at the Planck time ( t= 10*5), one notices that the expansion rate had to be fine-tuned to the accuracy of less than 1057 in order to have the universe as it is today.
This extremely balanced behaviour of the universe cannot be just an accident like the 'inverse gambler's fallacy'. A gambler entering the casino and finding that sixes have appeared simultaneously in two dice, may quite erroneously conclude that this has happened because of his lucky entrance. It is rather the funny nature of the law of probability which implies that the low probability event may occur at any time in the longnumber of trials, and the number of successes would not be more than the probability states.
Finally mention should be made of Dirac's large number hypothesis which shows that only within a limited epoch of cosmic time, when the astrophysical conditions are favourable, life, mind and consciousness can develop. lt would be falling into 'inverse gambler‘s fallacy' to say that such an almost zero probability event occurred because we are here; rather this happened for us to be here.
A deep probe into the understanding of the creation of this vast universe has baffled human minds and some of the most intriguing problems yet to be answered have been discussed before. Whatsoever may be the mathematical intricacies, one ultimately ends up in a faith like singularity, string etc. On the other hand, creation of men through the process of fertilization is now well understood. The understanding of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has broadened our knowledge further. A great deal more is yet to be known. But definitely the most intriguing problems are faced in our attempts to understand the creation of the heavens and the earth.
…..
79: 28. He raised its canopy, and fashioned it,
The significance of the term canopy has been revealed in verse2:22. The earth began as a red-hot ‘whirling bundle of gas some 4500 million years ago (verse 2:117). As this cooled down, the liquid and solid phases of matter on the earth's crust developed. Some of the gaseous materials namely, oxygen, carbon dioxide etc. forming. the present day earth’s atmosphere were separated from the liquid and solid materials as these cannot be liquified or solidified at temperature surrounding the earth. These gases being lighter tried to escape the earth, but were ultimately entrapped by the earth‘s gravitational field at altitudes depending on their masses—.the lighter, lighter gaseous elements reaching the highest altitudes. The structure 0 this canopy hs been revealed can be discussed in details under verse 2:22 from which it would be clear that it is Allah Who gave it order and perfection with some purpose.
……. 79 29 “and darkened its night,and brought forth its day”
As the sun, the source of light sets i.e., goes below" the horizon it is evident that darkness should follow on the earth and the splendour of the night sky decorated with heavenly bodies should emerge. But it is not easy to explain, why the infinite number of stars and other heavenly bodies should not make the night sky bright. In 1826 German scientist Heinrich Olber first posed the question, why the sky is dark at night.
This is known as Olber's paradox. To understand the problem, let us assume that the sky is divided into an infinite number of spherical shells of equal thickness and star density is (number of stars per unit volume) is constant throughout the sky, and also that all stars are of equal intrinsic brightness. Let us consider such a shell of thickness h at a distance r.
Volume of such a shell is 4 n h. If n be the star density, then the number of stars in such a shell is 4 n hn.
Now the apparent brightness is inversely proportional to the square of the 9 distance. Hence the apparent brightness of the sky due to such a shell is 4 n A‘ r2hnkr2, which is=4rhnk. This is independent of the distance r of the shell.
Hence each shell, nearer or farther, contributes the same amount of brightness to the sky. Thus if space had the simple uniform properties as assumed above, every shell-like region, no matter how would contribute an equal of brightness to the sky. an infinite number of shells would cause the sky to be dazzlingly bright.
The fact that the universe is expanding at a rate that increase with distance, provides the solution to Olber's paradox. Because the light of more distant galaxies is red shifted by a greater amount it is seen as less energetic than if it were not red shifted. Also assuming Hubble's constant as 100 km per second per magaparsec.
It is found that for a galaxy at a distance 3000 megaparsec the recession velocity would approach 3.10 km per second, the velocity of light. Thus galaxies beyond that distance can never be seen. They cannot contribute anything to the brightness of the sky. So the sky becomes dark after sunset.
N:B Scientific dating may differ
The creation of man from a quintessence of clay and from a drop of sperm and the development of the fetus in the mother's womb have been revealed in verses 23: 12-14.
79 :27 is revealed in another verse 40:57.
……………
“ The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the creation of mankind, yet most of mankind know not.” 40:57.
The second serious problem answered is why is the 3 deg k background radiation, the rem the 'big-bang' isotropic? A space-time which is flat in the 3spatial dimensions has the unique property of isotropizing at large times .
This is known as the flatness problem. if one looks at such 3 "mm; at the early cosmic time, e.g., at the Planck time ( t= 10*5), one notices that the expansion rate had to be fine-tuned to the accuracy of less than 1057 in order to have the universe as it is today.
This extremely balanced behaviour of the universe cannot be just an accident like the 'inverse gambler's fallacy'. A gambler entering the casino and finding that sixes have appeared simultaneously in two dice, may quite erroneously conclude that this has happened because of his lucky entrance. It is rather the funny nature of the law of probability which implies that the low probability event may occur at any time in the longnumber of trials, and the number of successes would not be more than the probability states.
Finally mention should be made of Dirac's large number hypothesis which shows that only within a limited epoch of cosmic time, when the astrophysical conditions are favourable, life, mind and consciousness can develop. lt would be falling into 'inverse gambler‘s fallacy' to say that such an almost zero probability event occurred because we are here; rather this happened for us to be here.
A deep probe into the understanding of the creation of this vast universe has baffled human minds and some of the most intriguing problems yet to be answered have been discussed before. Whatsoever may be the mathematical intricacies, one ultimately ends up in a faith like singularity, string etc. On the other hand, creation of men through the process of fertilization is now well understood. The understanding of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has broadened our knowledge further. A great deal more is yet to be known. But definitely the most intriguing problems are faced in our attempts to understand the creation of the heavens and the earth.
…..
79: 28. He raised its canopy, and fashioned it,
The significance of the term canopy has been revealed in verse2:22. The earth began as a red-hot ‘whirling bundle of gas some 4500 million years ago (verse 2:117). As this cooled down, the liquid and solid phases of matter on the earth's crust developed. Some of the gaseous materials namely, oxygen, carbon dioxide etc. forming. the present day earth’s atmosphere were separated from the liquid and solid materials as these cannot be liquified or solidified at temperature surrounding the earth. These gases being lighter tried to escape the earth, but were ultimately entrapped by the earth‘s gravitational field at altitudes depending on their masses—.the lighter, lighter gaseous elements reaching the highest altitudes. The structure 0 this canopy hs been revealed can be discussed in details under verse 2:22 from which it would be clear that it is Allah Who gave it order and perfection with some purpose.
……. 79 29 “and darkened its night,and brought forth its day”
As the sun, the source of light sets i.e., goes below" the horizon it is evident that darkness should follow on the earth and the splendour of the night sky decorated with heavenly bodies should emerge. But it is not easy to explain, why the infinite number of stars and other heavenly bodies should not make the night sky bright. In 1826 German scientist Heinrich Olber first posed the question, why the sky is dark at night.
This is known as Olber's paradox. To understand the problem, let us assume that the sky is divided into an infinite number of spherical shells of equal thickness and star density is (number of stars per unit volume) is constant throughout the sky, and also that all stars are of equal intrinsic brightness. Let us consider such a shell of thickness h at a distance r.
Volume of such a shell is 4 n h. If n be the star density, then the number of stars in such a shell is 4 n hn.
Now the apparent brightness is inversely proportional to the square of the 9 distance. Hence the apparent brightness of the sky due to such a shell is 4 n A‘ r2hnkr2, which is=4rhnk. This is independent of the distance r of the shell.
Hence each shell, nearer or farther, contributes the same amount of brightness to the sky. Thus if space had the simple uniform properties as assumed above, every shell-like region, no matter how would contribute an equal of brightness to the sky. an infinite number of shells would cause the sky to be dazzlingly bright.
The fact that the universe is expanding at a rate that increase with distance, provides the solution to Olber's paradox. Because the light of more distant galaxies is red shifted by a greater amount it is seen as less energetic than if it were not red shifted. Also assuming Hubble's constant as 100 km per second per magaparsec.
It is found that for a galaxy at a distance 3000 megaparsec the recession velocity would approach 3.10 km per second, the velocity of light. Thus galaxies beyond that distance can never be seen. They cannot contribute anything to the brightness of the sky. So the sky becomes dark after sunset.
N:B Scientific dating may differ
Comments
Post a Comment